448-atom fault-tolerant processor
448-atom fault-tolerant processor
Register profile — the machine's variant of its architecture
qubit type: hyperfine clock-state qubit
gate mechanism: global Rydberg-blockade CZ (~270 ns) with transversal block-to-block pairing achieved by moving one code block on top of another - free connectivity is the whole architectural thesis
connectivity: four functional zones - storage, entangling, readout and reservoir - with reconfigurable tweezers moving atoms between them
control: SLM tweezers + AOD moves + Rydberg lasers
control placement: optics (room temperature)
readout: non-destructive spin-resolved imaging that also detects atom loss; superchecks recover error information from the loss flags
gate evidence: a published figure (source class not yet tagged)
decoder mode: offline — syndromes decoded after the run
codes: rotated_surface, stab_15_1_3, stab_16_6_4, stab_8_3_2, steane, surface, toric
Technologies by layer — the machine's cell per layer
| 1 Qubit carrier | Alkali atom (Rb/Cs) in optical tweezers · primary ▣ Fig. 1 (zoned reconfigurable tweezer-array architecture); Methods: System overview ✅ up to 448 87Rb atoms, hyperfine clock-state qubits (online 10 Nov 2025) |
| 2 Encoding | Hyperfine / clock-state qubit · primary ▤ §Neutral atom logical processor 🔎 87Rb ground-state hyperfine clock-state qubit |
| 3 Gate mechanism | Rydberg-blockade CZ · primary ▣ Fig. 3a (transversal gates by atomic motion); Methods: System overview (Rydberg CZ) ✅ global Rydberg-blockade CZ (~270 ns); transversal block-to-block gates by moving one code block on top of another |
| 4 Connectivity / transport | Atom transport by AOD tweezers (zoned architecture) · primary ▣ Fig. 1 (storage, entangling, readout, reservoir zones) ✅ four zones (storage, entangling, readout, reservoir); reconfigurable tweezers move atoms between them; reservoir enables indefinite-depth operation |
| 5 Control | Laser + AOD/SLM optical control (atoms) · primary ▤ Methods: System overview ✅ SLM tweezers + AOD moves + Rydberg lasers; optics (room temperature) |
| 6 Readout | Fluorescence imaging of atom arrays · primary ▣ Fig. 1 (spin-to-position conversion via state-selective 1D lattice) ✅ non-destructive spin-resolved imaging that also detects atom loss; superchecks recover error information from loss flags |
| 7 Code | Algorithmic FT / transversal architectures · primary ▣ Fig. 4 (universal FT gate set, arbitrary rotations); Fig. 6 (27-layer deep circuits) ✅ universal logical set via code switching; 96 simultaneous d=4 logical qubits; 27-layer circuits with hundreds of logical teleportations (Nov 2025) Colour code (transversal Cliffords) · alternate ▣ Fig. 6 (2D cluster state from Steane codes, up to 27 layers) ✅ steane [[7,1,3]] code High-rate concatenated codes with transversal gates · alternate ▣ Fig. 6 ([[16,6,4]] codes entangled in space and time) ✅ stab_16_6_4 [[16,6,4]] high-rate code Magic-state factory (cultivation / distillation / code switching) · alternate ▣ Fig. 4 (3D Reed–Muller 45° plateau = transversal T) ✅ 3-D stab_15_1_3 Reed-Muller code for transversal non-Clifford T via code switching Rotated surface code (+ yoked variants) · alternate ▣ Fig. 2 (below-threshold repeated d=5 surface-code QEC) ✅ surface code d=5 repeated QEC: 2.14(13)x below threshold; 0.62(3)% logical error per round (~0.1% on loss-free shots) |
| 8 Decoder | Correlated / loss-aware decoding (transversal, atom loss) · primary ▣ Fig. 2 (logical error per round: MLE with/without loss information) ✅ correlated decoding across transversal gates; most-likely-error decoder consuming loss information; offline; 1.73x QEC gain from loss-aware decoding Neural decoders (AlphaQubit 2, CNN, transformers) · alternate ▣ Fig. 2 (logical error per round: machine learning with/without loss information) ✅ machine-learning decoder consuming atom-loss information; offline |
| 9 Interconnect | — none — nothing in this layer ▤ Methods: System overview ✅ single vacuum cell; monolithic, no interconnect |
| 10 Manufacturing | Optical / mechanical assembly (lasers, vacuum, objectives) · primary ▤ Methods: System overview ✅ room-temperature optical/vacuum assembly: SLM tweezers, AOD moves, Rydberg lasers around a single vacuum cell |
Standard records
2Q layers per syndrome round → 27 layers · best (deepest logical circuit)
Nov 2025 · source
idle / memory error per round → 6.20e-3 · typical (per round at d=5; ~1e-3 on loss-free shots)
Nov 2025 · source
parameter spread → 2.14 · best (below-threshold factor)
Nov 2025 · source
evidence: ✅ 14 / 15