IBM Quantum Osprey

Raveh Neeman

doi:10.5281/zenodo.22674814

IBM · superconducting circuits · RETIRED (ibm_seattle, cloud May-Sep 2023 as an "exploratory technical demonstration"; retired 7 Sep 2023) (announced Nov 2022) · 433 physical qubits · 413 of them made usable · access: was cloud service

architecture: Transmon lattice with tunable couplers · Open on the map

Register profile — the machine's variant of its architecture

qubit type: fixed-frequency transmon

gate mechanism: CR/ECR

connectivity: heavy-hex

control: room-temperature RF + custom flex cabling

control placement: room-temp

readout: multiplexed dispersive

role: exploratory — operated for users as a technical demonstration

gate evidence: calibration data shown on a cloud platform

codes: heavy_hex

flags: no published error rates

Technologies by layer — the machine's cell per layer

1 Qubit carrier	Transmon · primary ▥ Fig. (chip photo: 'IBM introduced the 433-qubit IBM Osprey quantum processor') ✅ fixed-frequency transmon; 433 qubits, monolithic (announced Nov 2022; access May 2023 at 413 usable qubits); now retired
2 Encoding	Bare physical qubit (no encoding) · primary ◌ 🔎 bare transmon two-level subspace; no encoding beyond the physical qubit
3 Gate mechanism	Cross-resonance (fixed-frequency, all-microwave) · primary ▨ IBM statement quoted: 413 of 433 qubits, exploratory technical demonstration, consistent with Eagle R1 🔎 cross-resonance CR/ECR on fixed-frequency transmons; ibm_seattle live May-Sep 2023 as an "exploratory technical demonstration" with 413 of 433 qubits accessible, performance "consistent with Eagle r1" (IBM); calibration shown on the platform, no figure published
4 Connectivity / transport	Static nearest-neighbour lattice · primary ▨ 🔎 heavy-hex lattice, degree 3
5 Control	Room-temperature electronics + per-qubit coax/flex · primary ▥ §Increasing performance, value... (Osprey multi-level wiring + integrated filtering; flex wiring +70% density) 🔎 room-temperature RF; enhanced package + custom flex cabling to get I/O into the fridge
6 Readout	Dispersive microwave readout (+TWPA, Purcell) · primary ◌ 🔎 multiplexed dispersive readout; no readout fidelity published
7 Code	— none — nothing in this layer ▨ 🔎 no QEC code run; NISQ device, retired
8 Decoder	— none — nothing in this layer ▨ 🔎 no decoder; no QEC run
9 Interconnect	— none — nothing in this layer ◌ 🔎 monolithic single 433-qubit module, no interconnect
10 Manufacturing	Superconducting-qubit lithography (Al/AlOx/Al junctions, Nb wiring, 300 mm) · primary ◌ 🔎 superconducting-qubit lithography (IBM); no machine-specific fab source

evidence: ✅ 1 / 10

Pictures

Every picture carries the story of what it shows and its credit line.

A data plot, on a logarithmic scale, of superconducting physical qubit count against year from 2015 to 2035: filled gold points are demonstrated processors (Sycamore 53, Osprey 433, Condor 1,121), open points are roadmap targets, and a dotted blue model doubles yearly from 58 qubits in 2020. Made by Raveh Neeman (Qodeh) for this map, dated 6 September 2026. Notice the three light-blue ceiling lines for room-temperature electronics, cryogenic CMOS and superconducting single-flux-quantum control, each marking how far that control approach can scale. MON-F8 — Superconducting qubit trends — Raveh Neeman (Qodeh), CC BY 4.0 (Superconductor Electronics Monitor 2026 v1.1, © Raveh Neeman 2026). doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22537315