Borealis
Borealis
Register profile — the machine's variant of its architecture
qubit type: squeezed vacuum (CV); no qubit encoding at all
gate mechanism: programmable beamsplitter/phase-shifter network realised as three variable delay loops; no entangling gate, no feed-forward computation - Gaussian sampling only
connectivity: fibre delay loops + programmable couplers
control: electro-optic modulators
control placement: room-temp electro-optic
readout: photon-number-resolving superconducting TES detectors (16, 95% efficiency, up to 13 photons each) behind a 1-to-16 EOM demultiplexer; destructive
gate evidence: no published figure
flags: claim later eroded
Technologies by layer — the machine's cell per layer
| 1 Qubit carrier | Squeezed light mode (CV) · primary ▣ Fig. 1 (pulse train of single-mode squeezed states from pulsed OPO); Methods: Pulsed squeezed-light source ✅ squeezed vacuum (CV) in 216 time-multiplexed squeezed-light modes; no qubit encoding; counting basis is modes, not qubits |
| 2 Encoding | |
| 3 Gate mechanism | Programmable linear-optical interferometer (no entangling primitive) · primary ▣ Fig. 1 (three dynamically programmable loop-based interferometers); Methods: Programmable photonic processor ✅ programmable beamsplitter/phase-shifter network realised as three variable delay loops; no entangling gate, no feed-forward computation — Gaussian sampling only CV Gaussian gates + GKP-assisted non-Gaussian operations · alternate ▤ Methods: Programmable photonic processor (VBS transfer matrix, loops l=0,1,2) ✅ partial g_cv: beamsplitters/squeezers only, no homodyne feed-forward; Gaussian boson sampling with 219 detected photons (Jun 2022) |
| 4 Connectivity / transport | Photonic switching / routing (electro-optic, feed-forward) · primary ▣ Fig. 1 (three delay loops, 216 temporal modes); Methods: Connectivity ✅ fibre delay loops + programmable couplers over 216 time-multiplexed, dynamically programmable modes |
| 5 Control | Electro-optic drive + feed-forward electronics (room temperature) · primary ▤ Experiment (demux: 15 low-loss resonant EOMs in 4 layers -> 16 detector channels) 🔎 room-temperature electro-optic modulators |
| 6 Readout | Single-photon detection (SNSPD / TES) · primary ▤ Methods: Optical circuit (demux, TES) ✅ 16 superconducting TES photon-number-resolving detectors, 95% efficiency, up to 13 photons each, behind a 1-to-16 demux of 15 resonant EOMs; destructive; 219 detected photons |
| 7 Code | |
| 8 Decoder | |
| 9 Interconnect | |
| 10 Manufacturing | Bulk-optics and fibre assembly (photonic samplers) · primary ▤ Methods: Pulsed squeezed-light source; Optical circuit ✅ pulsed OPO squeezer: 10-mm plano-convex KTP crystal in a doubly resonant, phase-stabilised hemilithic cavity; fibre delay loops |
evidence: ✅ 6 / 11