Orion Alpha / Beta ("Ruby") / Gamma

Raveh Neeman

doi:10.5281/zenodo.22674814

Pasqal

Orion Alpha / Beta ("Ruby") / Gamma

Pasqal · neutral atoms · DEPLOYED (five sites) (2024-2026) · 140 physical qubits · access: on-prem sold

architecture: Rydberg tweezer array — alkali (Rb/Cs) · Open on the map

Register profile — the machine's variant of its architecture

qubit type: hyperfine qubit (digital); ground-Rydberg (analog)

gate mechanism: Rydberg-blockade CZ (digital); analog Rydberg evolution

connectivity: reconfigurable tweezer register; Orion is 3 kW, 2,500 kg, cryogenics-free, room temperature

control: SLM/AOD laser control

control placement: optics (room temperature)

readout: fluorescence imaging

gate evidence: no published figure

flags: no code named, no published error rates

Technologies by layer — the machine's cell per layer

1 Qubit carrier	Alkali atom (Rb/Cs) in optical tweezers · primary ▤ § The Neutral Atom Architecture 🔎 87Rb hyperfine qubit (digital) / ground-Rydberg (analog); Orion Beta 100+ qubits (2024–25), Gamma >140 (late 2025)
2 Encoding	Hyperfine / clock-state qubit · primary ◌ 🔎 ground-state hyperfine qubit (digital mode) Ground–Rydberg analogue qubit · alternate ▦ §Bases 🔎 Pulser (Pasqal SDK) ground-rydberg basis \|g⟩,\|r⟩ addressed by a Rydberg channel; digital basis \|g⟩,\|h⟩ by a Raman channel; Orion not named
3 Gate mechanism	Rydberg-blockade CZ · primary ▨ 🔎 Rydberg-blockade CZ (digital); no per-system 1Q/2Q fidelity published Analogue Rydberg Hamiltonian evolution · alternate ▦ §AnalogDevice 🔎 Pulser AnalogDevice 'only supports the \|r⟩ and \|g⟩ states ... one channel of type Rydberg (rydberg_global) ... implements the Ising Hamiltonian'; Orion not named
4 Connectivity / transport	Atom transport by AOD tweezers (zoned architecture) · primary ▤ § The Neutral Atom Architecture 🔎 reconfigurable tweezer register; Orion Gamma >140 qubits (late 2025)
5 Control	Laser + AOD/SLM optical control (atoms) · primary ▤ § The Neutral Atom Architecture 🔎 SLM/AOD laser control; room-temperature optics, cryogenics-free
6 Readout	Fluorescence imaging of atom arrays · primary ◌ 🔎 fluorescence imaging
7 Code	— none — nothing in this layer ▦ ✅ no QEC demonstrated; no code named publicly (roadmap: 200+ logical by 2029)
8 Decoder	— none — nothing in this layer ▦ 🔎 no decoder; no QEC demonstrated
9 Interconnect	— none — nothing in this layer ◌ 🔎 monolithic single module; no interconnect
10 Manufacturing	Optical / mechanical assembly (lasers, vacuum, objectives) · primary ▤ § Engineering the Quantum Transition / Neutral Atom Architecture 🔎 room-temperature optical assembly; Orion 3 kW, 2,500 kg, cryogenics-free

evidence: ✅ 1 / 12

Pictures

Every picture carries the story of what it shows and its credit line.

Fig. 1 — Figure 1: Analog Rydberg QPU cycle and benchmark protocols. (a), Schematic of the QPU cycle for a register of two-level atoms with ground state |g⟩… — A composite figure explaining the operating cycle of an analog Rydberg quantum processor and testing it on real machines. Panel (a) has a small photograph of a Pasqal cabinet, a two-level scheme (ground |g⟩, Rydberg |r⟩) driven by a global Rabi frequency Ω(t) and detuning δ(t), a 6 × 6 atom register with interactions U(r_ij), camera snapshots and a map of site occupations. Panels (b)-(d) plot three pulse schedules and compare data from QPUs named FC1, SA1 and Ruby with noiseless and noise-emulated simulations. It is Figure 1 of arXiv 2607.28364 by Dalyac et al. Notice there are no gates: one global drive evolves the whole array. “Fig. 1 — Figure 1: Analog Rydberg QPU cycle and benchmark protocols. (a), Schematic of the QPU cycle for a register of two-level atoms with ground state |g⟩ and…” by Constantin Dalyac et al., arxiv.org/abs/2607.28364, CC BY 4.0 (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)